Some big companies have left the ASX recently. How do ETFs adapt to index changes?
Share markets are ever changing. Companies come, and companies go.
But what happens to share market indexes, and the exchange traded funds (ETFs) that use them as performance benchmarks, when a company is removed because of a merger or acquisition?
One doesn’t have to look too hard to find some recent, high-profile examples of company delistings from the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX).
After more than 60 years on the ASX, the building products company CSR that started life in 1855 as the Colonial Sugar Refining Company was delisted in July following a $4.3 billion takeover by French construction group Saint-Gobain.
The construction materials company Boral (which listed in 1946 as Bitumen and Oil Refineries (Australia) Limited) also left the ASX in July after its $1.5 billion acquisition by Seven Group. Likewise, the bauxite mining and aluminium refineries investment group Alumina delisted from the ASX following its $3.4 billion takeover by U.S. giant Alcoa.
All up there have been 67 ASX delistings so far in 2024, including other high-profile removals such as concrete group Adbri (sold for $2.1 billion to Irish group CRH in July), and fruit and vegetables company Costa Group (sold for $1.5 billion to U.S. private equity group Paine Schwartz in February).
Indexes are rebalanced on a regular basis as part of scheduled reviews to ensure benchmarks stay up to date and continue to accurately reflect their purpose.
Understanding index construction
All of the companies mentioned above had been included in various ASX indexes, such as the All Ordinaries Index and S&P/ASX 300 Index, based on their market capitalisation.
Share market indexes are structured to track the broad performance of markets and specific sectors, typically by tracking the share price returns of the companies that have been included in the index.
For example, the S&P/ASX 300 Index tracks the returns of the top 300 ASX companies based on their market capitalisation. In turn, the Vanguard Australian Shares Index ETF (VAS) uses the S&P/ASX 300 Index as its performance benchmark.
So, what happens to indexes and ETFs when companies effectively vanish from a share market?
Index rebalancing
Indexes are rebalanced on a regular basis as part of scheduled reviews to ensure benchmarks stay up to date and continue to accurately reflect their purpose.
ETFs and unlisted managed funds tracking an index will adjust their own portfolio holdings in tandem with any changes made to the benchmark index.
On the ASX, scheduled rebalancing changes typically take effect after the market close on the third Friday of March, June, September, and December.
The S&P/ASX 300 is rebalanced semi-annually, effective after the market close on the third Friday of March and September.
Eligible stocks are considered for index inclusion based on their rank relative to the stated quota of securities for each index.
But company deletions also can occur between index rebalancing dates due to acquisitions, mergers and spin-offs or due to suspension and bankruptcies. The decision to remove a stock from an index rests with the index provider and will be made once there is sufficient evidence that a transaction will be completed.
Company delistings will typically trigger an intra-rebalancing process if an index level is comprised of a fixed number of companies. But not all indexes are based on a fixed count.
The S&P/ASX 300 and All Ordinaries are not fixed count indices, so intra-rebalancing additions are only made when a replacement added to the S&P/ASX 200 (or a higher index) is not a constituent of the S&P/ASX 300 and All Ordinaries.
Index additions are made according to various criteria as laid out in their respective methodologies. For the S&P/ASX300, market capitlisation, free float and liquidity are some of the criteria considered, whereas for the All Ordinaries Index, there is no liquidity screen or minimum float requirement.
The reference date used to determine an ad-hoc index replacement is determined on a case-by-case basis and taken closer to the time of the event that triggered the vacancy.
More information on how indexes are rebalanced on the ASX can be found in S&P/ASX Australian Indices Methodology.
Important Information
This article has been reprinted with the permission of Vanguard Investments Australia Ltd. Copyright Smart Investing
GENERAL ADVICE WARNING
Vanguard Investments Australia Ltd (ABN 72 072 881 086 / AFS Licence 227263) (VIA) is the product issuer and operator of Vanguard Personal Investor. Vanguard Super Pty Ltd (ABN 73 643 614 386 / AFS Licence 526270) (the Trustee) is the trustee and product issuer of Vanguard Super (ABN 27 923 449 966).
The Trustee has contracted with VIA to provide some services for Vanguard Super. Any general advice is provided by VIA. The Trustee and VIA are both wholly owned subsidiaries of The Vanguard Group, Inc (collectively, “Vanguard”).
We have not taken your or your clients’ objectives, financial situation or needs into account when preparing our website content so it may not be applicable to the particular situation you are considering. You should consider your objectives, financial situation or needs, and the disclosure documents for the product before making any investment decision. Before you make any financial decision regarding the product, you should seek professional advice from a suitably qualified adviser. A copy of the Target Market Determinations (TMD) for Vanguard’s financial products can be obtained on our website free of charge, which includes a description of who the financial product is appropriate for. You should refer to the TMD of the product before making any investment decisions. You can access our Investor Directed Portfolio Service (IDPS) Guide, Product Disclosure Statements (PDS), Prospectus and TMD at vanguard.com.au and Vanguard Super SaveSmart and TMD at vanguard.com.au/super or by calling 1300 655 101. Past performance information is given for illustrative purposes only and should not be relied upon as, and is not, an indication of future performance. This website was prepared in good faith and we accept no liability for any errors or omissions.
Important Legal Notice – Offer not to persons outside Australia
The PDS, IDPS Guide or Prospectus does not constitute an offer or invitation in any jurisdiction other than in Australia. Applications from outside Australia will not be accepted. For the avoidance of doubt, these products are not intended to be sold to US Persons as defined under Regulation S of the US federal securities laws.
© 2024 Vanguard Investments Australia Ltd. All rights reserved.
